[2022] NZEmpC 166 Pilgrim v Attorney-General [pdf, 173 KB]
...this sort is well established but repeated here for ease of reference. The ordinary way for a witness to give evidence in a civil proceeding is orally in a courtroom in the presence of the Judge, the parties and the public.1 As the Court of Appeal has made clear, there is no presumption in favour of giving evidence in the ordinary way.2 [3] The Court may allow the use of AVL in civil proceedings, including for the appearance of witnesses. Before doing so, it must take into accou...