Waitangi Tribunal - Ngāpuhi Mandate Inquiry report [pdf, 905 KB]
...however, that this was ‘an external perspective’ Kin groups maintained their rivalries and separate identities 51 This pattern persisted into the 1830s when ‘wars were still conducted by autono- mous but related hapū, who could act in concert or separately’ 52 decision-making was conducted through lengthy debates between rangatira and hapū and while ‘[p] ressure was brought to bear on those who did not want to go [to war] they could not be compelled to’ 53 even when g...